Editorís Note: Stephen Downes is one of the most prolific and intuitive of the "distance learning" gurus. His article and insights are provocative and energizing. These links on Copyright that he has provided are inclusive and well worth the visit.

Stephen Downes Copyright Links

http://www.munimall.net/scripts/downes/links/usertrolls.cgi?keyword=copyright

Survey of Intellectual Property Issues for Distance Learning and Online Educators
Good overview discussing the application of copyright in a wide variety of education related areas. Excellent list of references and resources. By L. Heidi Primo and Teresa Lesage, July 7, 2000.
Submitted on Jan 12 2001 - 10.04

Copyright
Automated copyright clearance service for online content providers and newspapers.
Submitted on Dec 12 2000 - 08.36

The Concept of Copyright Fights for Internet Survival
Mr. Clarke and his group of programmers have deliberately set themselves on a collision course with the world's copyright laws. They express the hope that the clash over copyright enforcement in cyberspace will produce a world in which all information is freely shared. By John Markoff, New York Times, May 10, 2000.
Submitted on May 15 2000 - 08.31

A Practical guide on Copyright Clearance for Multimedia Producers
Developed by Department of Canadian Heritage Interactive Multimedia Producers Association of Canada (IMPAC), this guide is intended to remedy, at least in part, any lack of knowledge of copyright provisions and other applicable rules or of associated business practices in the multimedia field.
Submitted on Apr 11 2000 - 14.54

Judge OKs deep hyperlinking
Deep linking is not a copyright violation, judge rules. AP, March 29, 2000.
Submitted on Mar 29 2000 - 16.14

Internet Patents Are Changing The Rules
Useful overview of patent law with an eye to the spate of recent technology patents. By Jason and Ted Coombs, Byte, March 13, 2000
Submitted on Mar 20 2000 - 08.37

My Conversation with Jeff Bezos
Tim O'Reilly reports on his conversation with Amazon.Com's Jeff Bezos as a follow-up to his letter on patent abuse. Jeff: We're just going after the big guys who are going after us, the guys who are not innovating themselves but just copying us and working to crush us.
Submitted on Mar 5 2000 - 11.55

Open Source, Patents and O'Reilly
Tim O'Reilly (of O'Reilly Books) writes an open letter to Amazon.Com's Jeff Bezos regarding Amazon's abuse of the patent system.
Submitted on Mar 5 2000 - 11.50

Amazon Associates
Plan Wins Patent Protection Looks like Amazon.Com has invented commission based referrals... or it could be that the U.S. patent office has missed the boat again. By Mo Krochmal and Jason Coombs, TechWeb, 25 February 2000.
Submitted on Feb 28 2000 - 10.29

Nethics
Information and copyright resources for the online learning community.
Submitted on Feb 25 2000 - 08.34

Šontra
Interesting historical view of the copyright debate. The author writes,
Other scholars have shown that the very idea of the author as owner of her words -- and even the ideas manifested in those words as property -- is not a natural human view but rather a relatively recent invention of the late eighteenth century, a convenient fiction which obscures or effaces other possibilities of writing, reading, and invention.
Submitted on Feb 10 2000 - 09.02

The Unseen ";Other ";of Intellectual Property Law
Good article debunking the myths and attacking the legalist interpretation of copyright law, focusing on the social needs - if any - served by copyright. By TyAnna K. Herrington, Kairos, Sprint, 1998.
Submitted on Feb 10 2000 - 08.59

GrokSoup
This is very interesting - a tool for making and distributing your own online news zine or weblog. Careful though - you sign away your copyright to them when you register.
Submitted on Feb 2 2000 - 08.46

Industry Group Sues MP3.com
The copyright battles continue - this time the music industry tries to stop 'beaming' - the immediate transfer of a CD once it has been purchased online.
Submitted on Jan 24 2000 - 11.41

How Patent Attorneys are Stealing Our Future
Jesse Berst gets this one right - patents and copyrights on internet technology are out of control. Anchordesk, ZDNet, January 18, 2000.
Submitted on Jan 18 2000 - 09.39

Movie Studios Sue Web Sites for Passing DVD Copying Secrets
Can copyright protection prevent you from writing software? That's the implication if these movie studios are successful in their court action. By Sherman Fridman, Newsbytes Special to the E-Commerce Times January 17, 2000.

"I was served legal papers today regarding the legality of this webiste (sic). We all know what freedom of speech is, right? Good. Because this site will NOT be taken down under ANY circumstances. I don't care if it has to move to http://dvd-copy.ru !!!!!!!!!!! Let them serve me papers in Russia!"
Submitted on Jan 18 2000 - 08.45

The Digital Object Identifier System
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is an identification system for intellectual property in the digital environment. Developed by the International DOI Foundation on behalf of the publishing industry, its goals are to provide a framework for managing intellectual content, link customers with publishers, facilitate electronic commerce, and enable automated copyright management.
Submitted on Dec 1 1999 - 13.31

More patent silliness...
CDNOW Wins Patent on Custom CD Process CDNOW's patent "Method and System for Remote User Controlled Manufacturing," covers the process of using the Internet to remotely select songs from a database, burn them to a compact disc or other playback media, and ship them to the customer. By Brian McWilliams, InternetNews.com, November 16, 1999
Submitted on Nov 17 1999 - 16.01

Judge to Disney: Halt on 'Go'
Another staunch defender of copyright finds itself called up on the carpet. By Elinor Abreu, The Industry Standard, November 17, 1999.
Submitted on Nov 17 1999 - 15.14

Woman sues Yahoo! claiming patent infringement
Live by the sword, die by the sword - Yahoo gets sued for patent violation. Associated Press, San Jose Mercury News, November 12, 1999.
Submitted on Nov 12 1999 - 15.22

Yahoo Patents Dynamic Page Generator
This is a bad one - Yahoo obtains a patent for customized pages. Slashdot, November 11, 1999.
Submitted on Nov 12 1999 - 10.45

Fair Use vs Fould Play
The L.A. Times and other online publications hit Free Republic - a site which posts and comments on news articles - with a copyright violation notice. This article examines the implications for commentary and investigative reporting. By Mark Gimein, Salon, November 10, 1999.
Submitted on Nov 12 1999 - 10.43

Free Education Now!
Mathieu Deflem's crusade against companies which post class notes without copyright clearance or permission.
Submitted on Nov 3 1999 - 15.12

Armed With a Web Site and Links, a Professor Takes On Lecture-Notes Companies
Guess the spin on this one: "Mathieu Deflem is a lone professor crusading against a group of Internet companies that he condemns as intruders into the private, privileged relationship between a professor and his students." By Florence Olsen, the Chronicle of Higher Education, October 6, 1999.
Submitted on Nov 3 1999 - 15.04

Universities Warn Sites Posting Class Notes
Is the commercial distribution of a student's class notes a violation of the professor's copyright? By Carl S. Kaplan, New York Times, October 22, 1999.
Submitted on Nov 3 1999 - 11.18

BitLaw
An excellent and comprehensive resource on technology law, containing over 1,800 pages on patent, copyright, trademark, and Internet legal issues.
Submitted on Oct 30 1999 - 13.53

Marketplace of Ideas:
Selling Patents Online Here's an item which could have implications sooner rather than later. A growing number of start-ups are creating Web sites for the sale of intellectual property rights. By Paul Jacobs, L.A. Times, October 25, 1999.
Submitted on Oct 25 1999 - 13.52

Amazon Sues Barnesandnoble.com For Patent Infringement
Amazon.com (Nasdaq: AMZN) filed a lawsuit yesterday against barnesandnoble.com, claiming that its 1-Click technology patent has been infringed upon. The question is - can you copyright site design? If so, I want any site which looks like mine to pay me royalties. Yeah, right. By Robert Conlin E-Commerce Times October 22, 1999
Submitted on Oct 23 1999 - 16.57

A Tale of Two Patent Strategies
Why build anything when you don't have to? Companies are beginning to focus on registering patents and copyrights and waiting for the royalties to roll in. By Bill Roberts, Electronic Business, October 1999.
Submitted on Oct 19 1999 - 10.40

High Stakes in Priceline Suit
Priceline - which obtained a business methods patent - is taking Microsoft to court for violation. How ironic. By Joanna Glasner, Wired News, October 15, 1999.
Submitted on Oct 16 1999 - 13.26

Ticketmaster:
Think Before You Link More from the deep linking debate: Ticketmaster Online-CitySearch is set to post a statement on its Web site that argues against certain types of linking. And perhaps this link violates copyright too! By Laura Rich, The Industry Standard, October 15, 1999.
Submitted on Oct 16 1999 - 13.20

Deep linking: Service or stealing?
Interesting article about the politics of deep linking and database scanning - both offshoots of the copyright and intellectual property debate. Looks at the recent court moves made by EBay and TicketMaster.
Submitted on Oct 1 1999 - 11.16

Company seeks patent on set of human genes
They may be your genes - but they may be owned by a japanese company. A biotechnology laboratory is seeking to patent a set of about 6,000 human genes, giving that country a leg up in the race to copyright the human body. By Yomiuri Shimbun, Daily Yomuri Online, September 29, 1999.
Submitted on Sept 29 1999 - 17.01

Court limit publishers' rights to free-lancers' work
Hey, here's a copyright case where the writers win! Publishers can't include work by free-lance writers in their electronic databases without the writers' permission, an appeals court ruled. San Jose mercury News (AP), September 28, 1999.
Submitted on Sept 28 1999 - 14.53

Copyright and Distance Education
Discussion of copyright as it applies to distance education. Dated 1995, so some recent cases are missing, but still useful. University of Idaho Engineering Outreach Program.
Submitted on Sept 26 1999 - 18.53

All About Trademarks
Y our one-stop resource for everything about trademark law. Laws from every state and most countries, trademarks in cyberspace, links to jorunals, organizations, and much much more. By Gregory H. Guillot.
Submitted on Sept 24 1999 - 10.28

Family Circus:
They Just Don't Get It Steve Outing argues that using legal action to shut down the Dysfunctional family Circus site won't work - even if it does violate copyright. F and P Interactive, September 22, 1999
Submitted on Sept 22 1999 - 12.36

MS IE5 XML not entirely pure, and what's this patent?
Don't you just get tired of this? Seems like Microsoft is now claiming to have invented XML, making exaggerated claims for Internet Explorer 5, adding 'Microsoft Only' tags, and slapping a copyright on the whole thing.
Submitted on Sept 20 1999 - 15.51

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
The office which handles copyright issues for patents and trademarks. So far behind the times that as of this writing they are, and I quote, not yet equipped to handle general email correspondence.
Submitted on Sept 14 1999 - 11.15

Priceline.com Patent Challenged Copyright spat.
MercExchange claims to have patented the idea of letting customers set their own prices for air travel 16 months before Priceline received its own patent. By Brian Alcorn, Wired News, 4 February 1999.
Submitted on Sept 14 1999 - 11.11

Net Overloads US Patent Agency Copyright mayhem.
The U.S. Ptent office is unable to keep up with the myriad, and possibly conflicting, net patents and trademarks. By Jennifer Sullivan, Wired News, 4 May 1999.
Submitted on Sept 14 1999 - 11.07

Patent's Net Result:
Nothing? More from the abuse of copyright department: DoubleClick patents the banner ad. By Chris Oakes, Wired news, September 13, 1999.
Submitted on Sept 14 1999 - 10.57

Web Concern Gets Patent for Electronic Business Model
From the abuse of copyright department: The company, Priceline.com L.L.C. of Stamford, best known for allowing consumers to "name your own price" for airline tickets, said it would be issued United States patent No. 5,794,207 for both the method and the use of "buyer-driven commerce" from the Patent and Trademark Office. NY Times article by Peter H. Lewis, August 10, 1998.
Submitted on Sept 9 1999 - 11.04

Special Committee on Distance Education & Intellectual Property Issues
American Association of University Professors. Report on distance learning and copyright issues. Draft outlines on distance learning and copyright issues.
Submitted on Sept 2 1999 - 11.18

10 Big Myths about copyright explained
An attempt to answer common myths about copyright seen on the net and cover issues related to copyright and USENET/Internet publication. By Brad Templeton
Submitted on Aug 12 1999 - 21.29

Are You a Copyright Criminal?
Writers, designers, artists and copyright owners are becoming more aggressive, using new tactics and technologies to enforce their rights. By Dave Zielinski for presentations.com
Submitted on Aug 12 1999 - 21.26

About the Author:
Stephen Downes is well known, respected and admired within the distance learning community and beyond. Currently, he is at the University of Alberta, Academic Technologies for Learning and the Institute for Professional Development. He may be reached via email: stephen.downes @ualberta.ca

His web address is http://datanation.com/fallacies/downes/



February 2001	Vol. 15 : No. 2	0
	Editorís Note: Stephen Downes is one of the most prolific and intuitive of the "distance learning" gurus. His article and insights are provocative and energizing. These links on Copyright that he has provided are inclusive and well worth the visit. Stephen Downes Copyright Links http://www.munimall.net/scripts/downes/links/usertrolls.cgi?keyword=copyright Survey of Intellectual Property Issues for Distance Learning and Online Educators Good overview discussing the application of copyright in a wide variety of education related areas. Excellent list of references and resources. By L. Heidi Primo and Teresa Lesage, July 7, 2000. Submitted on Jan 12 2001 - 10.04 Copyright Automated copyright clearance service for online content providers and newspapers. Submitted on Dec 12 2000 - 08.36 The Concept of Copyright Fights for Internet Survival Mr. Clarke and his group of programmers have deliberately set themselves on a collision course with the world's copyright laws. They express the hope that the clash over copyright enforcement in cyberspace will produce a world in which all information is freely shared. By John Markoff, New York Times, May 10, 2000. Submitted on May 15 2000 - 08.31 A Practical guide on Copyright Clearance for Multimedia Producers Developed by Department of Canadian Heritage Interactive Multimedia Producers Association of Canada (IMPAC), this guide is intended to remedy, at least in part, any lack of knowledge of copyright provisions and other applicable rules or of associated business practices in the multimedia field. Submitted on Apr 11 2000 - 14.54 Judge OKs deep hyperlinking Deep linking is not a copyright violation, judge rules. AP, March 29, 2000. Submitted on Mar 29 2000 - 16.14 Internet Patents Are Changing The Rules Useful overview of patent law with an eye to the spate of recent technology patents. By Jason and Ted Coombs, Byte, March 13, 2000 Submitted on Mar 20 2000 - 08.37 My Conversation with Jeff Bezos Tim O'Reilly reports on his conversation with Amazon.Com's Jeff Bezos as a follow-up to his letter on patent abuse. Jeff: We're just going after the big guys who are going after us, the guys who are not innovating themselves but just copying us and working to crush us. Submitted on Mar 5 2000 - 11.55 Open Source, Patents and O'Reilly Tim O'Reilly (of O'Reilly Books) writes an open letter to Amazon.Com's Jeff Bezos regarding Amazon's abuse of the patent system. Submitted on Mar 5 2000 - 11.50 Amazon Associates Plan Wins Patent Protection Looks like Amazon.Com has invented commission based referrals... or it could be that the U.S. patent office has missed the boat again. By Mo Krochmal and Jason Coombs, TechWeb, 25 February 2000. Submitted on Feb 28 2000 - 10.29 Nethics Information and copyright resources for the online learning community. Submitted on Feb 25 2000 - 08.34 Šontra Interesting historical view of the copyright debate. The author writes, Other scholars have shown that the very idea of the author as owner of her words -- and even the ideas manifested in those words as property -- is not a natural human view but rather a relatively recent invention of the late eighteenth century, a convenient fiction which obscures or effaces other possibilities of writing, reading, and invention. Submitted on Feb 10 2000 - 09.02 The Unseen ";Other ";of Intellectual Property Law Good article debunking the myths and attacking the legalist interpretation of copyright law, focusing on the social needs - if any - served by copyright. By TyAnna K. Herrington, Kairos, Sprint, 1998. Submitted on Feb 10 2000 - 08.59 GrokSoup This is very interesting - a tool for making and distributing your own online news zine or weblog. Careful though - you sign away your copyright to them when you register. Submitted on Feb 2 2000 - 08.46 Industry Group Sues MP3.com The copyright battles continue - this time the music industry tries to stop 'beaming' - the immediate transfer of a CD once it has been purchased online. Submitted on Jan 24 2000 - 11.41 How Patent Attorneys are Stealing Our Future Jesse Berst gets this one right - patents and copyrights on internet technology are out of control. Anchordesk, ZDNet, January 18, 2000. Submitted on Jan 18 2000 - 09.39 Movie Studios Sue Web Sites for Passing DVD Copying Secrets Can copyright protection prevent you from writing software? That's the implication if these movie studios are successful in their court action. By Sherman Fridman, Newsbytes Special to the E-Commerce Times January 17, 2000. "I was served legal papers today regarding the legality of this webiste (sic). We all know what freedom of speech is, right? Good. Because this site will NOT be taken down under ANY circumstances. I don't care if it has to move to http://dvd-copy.ru !!!!!!!!!!! Let them serve me papers in Russia!" Submitted on Jan 18 2000 - 08.45 The Digital Object Identifier System The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is an identification system for intellectual property in the digital environment. Developed by the International DOI Foundation on behalf of the publishing industry, its goals are to provide a framework for managing intellectual content, link customers with publishers, facilitate electronic commerce, and enable automated copyright management. Submitted on Dec 1 1999 - 13.31 More patent silliness... CDNOW Wins Patent on Custom CD Process CDNOW's patent "Method and System for Remote User Controlled Manufacturing," covers the process of using the Internet to remotely select songs from a database, burn them to a compact disc or other playback media, and ship them to the customer. By Brian McWilliams, InternetNews.com, November 16, 1999 Submitted on Nov 17 1999 - 16.01 Judge to Disney: Halt on 'Go' Another staunch defender of copyright finds itself called up on the carpet. By Elinor Abreu, The Industry Standard, November 17, 1999. Submitted on Nov 17 1999 - 15.14 Woman sues Yahoo! claiming patent infringement Live by the sword, die by the sword - Yahoo gets sued for patent violation. Associated Press, San Jose Mercury News, November 12, 1999. Submitted on Nov 12 1999 - 15.22 Yahoo Patents Dynamic Page Generator This is a bad one - Yahoo obtains a patent for customized pages. Slashdot, November 11, 1999. Submitted on Nov 12 1999 - 10.45 Fair Use vs Fould Play The L.A. Times and other online publications hit Free Republic - a site which posts and comments on news articles - with a copyright violation notice. This article examines the implications for commentary and investigative reporting. By Mark Gimein, Salon, November 10, 1999. Submitted on Nov 12 1999 - 10.43 Free Education Now! Mathieu Deflem's crusade against companies which post class notes without copyright clearance or permission. Submitted on Nov 3 1999 - 15.12 Armed With a Web Site and Links, a Professor Takes On Lecture-Notes Companies Guess the spin on this one: "Mathieu Deflem is a lone professor crusading against a group of Internet companies that he condemns as intruders into the private, privileged relationship between a professor and his students." By Florence Olsen, the Chronicle of Higher Education, October 6, 1999. Submitted on Nov 3 1999 - 15.04 Universities Warn Sites Posting Class Notes Is the commercial distribution of a student's class notes a violation of the professor's copyright? By Carl S. Kaplan, New York Times, October 22, 1999. Submitted on Nov 3 1999 - 11.18 BitLaw An excellent and comprehensive resource on technology law, containing over 1,800 pages on patent, copyright, trademark, and Internet legal issues. Submitted on Oct 30 1999 - 13.53 Marketplace of Ideas: Selling Patents Online Here's an item which could have implications sooner rather than later. A growing number of start-ups are creating Web sites for the sale of intellectual property rights. By Paul Jacobs, L.A. Times, October 25, 1999. Submitted on Oct 25 1999 - 13.52 Amazon Sues Barnesandnoble.com For Patent Infringement Amazon.com (Nasdaq: AMZN) filed a lawsuit yesterday against barnesandnoble.com, claiming that its 1-Click technology patent has been infringed upon. The question is - can you copyright site design? If so, I want any site which looks like mine to pay me royalties. Yeah, right. By Robert Conlin E-Commerce Times October 22, 1999 Submitted on Oct 23 1999 - 16.57 A Tale of Two Patent Strategies Why build anything when you don't have to? Companies are beginning to focus on registering patents and copyrights and waiting for the royalties to roll in. By Bill Roberts, Electronic Business, October 1999. Submitted on Oct 19 1999 - 10.40 High Stakes in Priceline Suit Priceline - which obtained a business methods patent - is taking Microsoft to court for violation. How ironic. By Joanna Glasner, Wired News, October 15, 1999. Submitted on Oct 16 1999 - 13.26 Ticketmaster: Think Before You Link More from the deep linking debate: Ticketmaster Online-CitySearch is set to post a statement on its Web site that argues against certain types of linking. And perhaps this link violates copyright too! By Laura Rich, The Industry Standard, October 15, 1999. Submitted on Oct 16 1999 - 13.20 Deep linking: Service or stealing? Interesting article about the politics of deep linking and database scanning - both offshoots of the copyright and intellectual property debate. Looks at the recent court moves made by EBay and TicketMaster. Submitted on Oct 1 1999 - 11.16 Company seeks patent on set of human genes They may be your genes - but they may be owned by a japanese company. A biotechnology laboratory is seeking to patent a set of about 6,000 human genes, giving that country a leg up in the race to copyright the human body. By Yomiuri Shimbun, Daily Yomuri Online, September 29, 1999. Submitted on Sept 29 1999 - 17.01 Court limit publishers' rights to free-lancers' work Hey, here's a copyright case where the writers win! Publishers can't include work by free-lance writers in their electronic databases without the writers' permission, an appeals court ruled. San Jose mercury News (AP), September 28, 1999. Submitted on Sept 28 1999 - 14.53 Copyright and Distance Education Discussion of copyright as it applies to distance education. Dated 1995, so some recent cases are missing, but still useful. University of Idaho Engineering Outreach Program. Submitted on Sept 26 1999 - 18.53 All About Trademarks Y our one-stop resource for everything about trademark law. Laws from every state and most countries, trademarks in cyberspace, links to jorunals, organizations, and much much more. By Gregory H. Guillot. Submitted on Sept 24 1999 - 10.28 Family Circus: They Just Don't Get It Steve Outing argues that using legal action to shut down the Dysfunctional family Circus site won't work - even if it does violate copyright. F and P Interactive, September 22, 1999 Submitted on Sept 22 1999 - 12.36 MS IE5 XML not entirely pure, and what's this patent? Don't you just get tired of this? Seems like Microsoft is now claiming to have invented XML, making exaggerated claims for Internet Explorer 5, adding 'Microsoft Only' tags, and slapping a copyright on the whole thing. Submitted on Sept 20 1999 - 15.51 U.S. Patent and Trademark Office The office which handles copyright issues for patents and trademarks. So far behind the times that as of this writing they are, and I quote, not yet equipped to handle general email correspondence. Submitted on Sept 14 1999 - 11.15 Priceline.com Patent Challenged Copyright spat. MercExchange claims to have patented the idea of letting customers set their own prices for air travel 16 months before Priceline received its own patent. By Brian Alcorn, Wired News, 4 February 1999. Submitted on Sept 14 1999 - 11.11 Net Overloads US Patent Agency Copyright mayhem. The U.S. Ptent office is unable to keep up with the myriad, and possibly conflicting, net patents and trademarks. By Jennifer Sullivan, Wired News, 4 May 1999. Submitted on Sept 14 1999 - 11.07 Patent's Net Result: Nothing? More from the abuse of copyright department: DoubleClick patents the banner ad. By Chris Oakes, Wired news, September 13, 1999. Submitted on Sept 14 1999 - 10.57 Web Concern Gets Patent for Electronic Business Model From the abuse of copyright department: The company, Priceline.com L.L.C. of Stamford, best known for allowing consumers to "name your own price" for airline tickets, said it would be issued United States patent No. 5,794,207 for both the method and the use of "buyer-driven commerce" from the Patent and Trademark Office. NY Times article by Peter H. Lewis, August 10, 1998. Submitted on Sept 9 1999 - 11.04 Special Committee on Distance Education & Intellectual Property Issues American Association of University Professors. Report on distance learning and copyright issues. Draft outlines on distance learning and copyright issues. Submitted on Sept 2 1999 - 11.18 10 Big Myths about copyright explained An attempt to answer common myths about copyright seen on the net and cover issues related to copyright and USENET/Internet publication. By Brad Templeton Submitted on Aug 12 1999 - 21.29 Are You a Copyright Criminal? Writers, designers, artists and copyright owners are becoming more aggressive, using new tactics and technologies to enforce their rights. By Dave Zielinski for presentations.com Submitted on Aug 12 1999 - 21.26 About the Author: Stephen Downes is well known, respected and admired within the distance learning community and beyond. Currently, he is at the University of Alberta, Academic Technologies for Learning and the Institute for Professional Development. He may be reached via email: stephen.downes @ualberta.ca His web address is http://datanation.com/fallacies/downes/













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